Bhutan is renowned for its pristine landscapes, rich biodiversity, and strong commitment to environmental conservation. With around 70% of the country covered by forests and a network of protected areas and biological corridors, Bhutan offers exceptional opportunities to experience nature while supporting responsible and sustainable tourism.

The country’s approach to eco-tourism reflects its philosophy of high-value, low-impact tourism, ensuring that visitors can enjoy Bhutan’s natural treasures while helping protect the environment, support local communities, and preserve the country’s unique cultural heritage.

Eco-Tourism in Bhutan

The Royal Government of Bhutan describes ecotourism as responsible travel to natural areas and habitats that conserves the environment, respects the culture and traditions of local communities, and contributes to the wellbeing of its people in line with the country’s broader philosophy of Gross National Happiness.

Eco-tourism initiatives across Bhutan focus on creating meaningful nature-based experiences while generating employment, strengthening rural communities, and encouraging greater appreciation for biodiversity and conservation.

The Department of Tourism’s GEF Ecotourism Project focuses on Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary and Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, as well as communities across Lhuentse, Mongar, Trashigang, Trashiyangtse and Zhemgang.

These initiatives aim to strengthen rural economies through wildlife-based tourism, community experiences, employment opportunities, and nature-focused activities.

Visitors can experience Bhutan’s natural environment through:

• Wildlife watching
• Birdwatching
• Butterfly watching
• Nature walks and hiking
• Community-based tourism
• Homestays
• Fishing experiences
• Cultural and community festivals
• Nature photography

Wildlife & Nature Experiences

Bhutan’s diverse ecosystems provide habitats for a remarkable range of plants, birds, butterflies and mammals. Some of the country’s flagship species offer particularly memorable wildlife experiences.

Ludlow’s Bhutan Glory

Ludlow’s Bhutan Glory is Bhutan’s national butterfly and one of the country’s most distinctive butterfly species.

The endangered butterfly can be found in Bumdeling Wildlife Sanctuary in Trashiyangtse, where it is commonly observed during August and September.

Trashiyangtse is also an excellent destination for birdwatching, with opportunities to spot species such as Ward’s Trogon, babblers and pheasants.

Swallowtail Butterflies

Swallowtails are among the most striking butterflies in the world, recognisable by the characteristic tail-like extensions on their hind wings.

Bhutan is home to 42 species of swallowtail butterflies, offering excellent opportunities for butterfly enthusiasts and nature photographers.

The Trashiyangtse region is particularly well known for swallowtail sightings, especially during the autumn months.

Black-Necked Cranes

The black-necked crane is one of Bhutan’s most iconic migratory birds and a globally threatened species.

For generations, these elegant birds have held special significance for communities in Bhutan. Their arrival is traditionally associated with good fortune and a successful harvest, while their presence also reflects the health of surrounding agricultural landscapes and ecosystems.

During winter, black-necked cranes can be observed at important habitats including:

• Phobjikha Valley in western Bhutan
• Bumthang in central Bhutan
• Bumdeling in eastern Bhutan

The cranes generally arrive at their wintering grounds around September and October and return towards the Tibetan Plateau between February and March.

Visitors should maintain a respectful distance and avoid disturbing these important migratory birds.

Red Panda

The elusive red panda is one of Bhutan’s most treasured wildlife species.

Found in temperate Himalayan forests, red pandas are globally threatened and are associated with Bhutan’s forested mountain ecosystems. They have been recorded across numerous districts and protected areas, as well as within biological corridors.

For many Bhutanese, encountering a red panda in the wild is considered a sign of good fortune.

Spotting one is never guaranteed, but guided wildlife experiences offer nature lovers an opportunity to learn about this remarkable species and the conservation efforts protecting its habitat.

Golden Langur

The golden langur is one of Bhutan’s most distinctive and threatened primates. Bhutan provides important habitat for this remarkable species, with significant populations protected within areas including Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, Royal Manas National Park and Phibsoo Wildlife Sanctuary.

Travellers journeying through southern and central Bhutan may occasionally spot golden langurs in forested areas or near roads.

As with all wildlife encounters, visitors should observe from a safe distance and never feed or attempt to interact with wild animals.

Birdwatching in Bhutan

Bhutan is an exceptional destination for birdwatchers, with more than 700 bird species recorded across its diverse ecosystems.

From subtropical forests and river valleys to alpine landscapes, the country’s dramatic changes in altitude create habitats for a remarkable variety of birds.

Birdwatchers may encounter species ranging from colourful Himalayan forest birds to rare and threatened species.

Bhutan is particularly significant for the conservation of birds such as the:

• Black-necked Crane
• Imperial Heron
• Ward’s Trogon
• Various pheasant species
• Himalayan babblers
• Numerous migratory and resident birds

With dedicated birdwatching locations and experienced local guides, Bhutan offers opportunities for both experienced birders and travellers who simply want to discover the country’s extraordinary wildlife.

Golden Mahseer Fishing

Bhutan’s rivers are home to two notable types of mahseer: the golden mahseer and the chocolate mahseer.

The golden mahseer is a migratory freshwater fish that moves between different elevations and river habitats during its life cycle. During the warmer spawning season, it can be found at higher elevations, before moving towards lower stretches of rivers during colder months.

The species is highly regarded among anglers for its size, strength and fighting ability, making it one of the world’s most sought-after freshwater sport fish.

Catch-and-Release Fishing

Bhutan has developed recreational mahseer fishing around a catch-and-release approach, balancing angling opportunities with conservation.

Following research and recommendations from mahseer conservation initiatives and the 2018 International Mahseer Conference held in Bhutan, regulations were changed to allow recreational mahseer fishing under controlled conditions.

The generally recommended periods for golden mahseer fishing are:

• March – June
• September – November

Conditions can vary depending on river levels, weather and local regulations, so anglers should confirm current fishing rules and conditions before planning their trip.

Travel Responsibly

Bhutan’s natural environment is one of its greatest treasures. Whether you are searching for a red panda, photographing butterflies, watching cranes in a Himalayan valley, exploring forests, or fishing for golden mahseer, responsible travel is essential.

Help protect Bhutan’s natural heritage by:

• Keeping a safe distance from wildlife
• Never feeding wild animals
• Avoiding disturbance to birds and other wildlife
• Staying on designated trails
• Taking all rubbish with you
• Respecting protected areas and local regulations
• Following the instructions of your local guide
• Supporting community-based tourism initiatives

Experience Nature. Protect Bhutan.

Eco-tourism offers a unique way to discover Bhutan while contributing to the protection of its natural heritage and supporting the communities that live alongside it.

From rare Himalayan wildlife and colourful butterflies to magnificent birds and pristine rivers, Bhutan invites you to experience nature responsibly.

Explore the wild. Respect the environment. Support local communities. Help preserve Bhutan for generations to come.